Originally from the Mediterranean, arugula is a flavorful leafy green that thrives in warm regions such as Italy, Turkey, and western Asia. A member of the mustard family, it is closely related to cabbage, broccoli, and kale. If you’re wondering how to grow arugula, you’ll be pleased to know it’s an easy-to-cultivate plant with a bold, peppery flavor that makes it a popular addition to salads, sandwiches, and pizzas. With its rapid growth rate, you can start harvesting its tender young leaves in just 4 to 8 weeks.

How to Grow Arugula: Optimal Growing Conditions

• Soil Preparation: Arugula thrives in nutrient-rich, well-draining soil. Before planting, amend the soil with plenty of organic compost to create a rich growing medium. It prefers slightly acidic soil with a pH between 6 and 7, which is essential for healthy plant development and maximizing yield.
• Seed Germination Technique: Arugula seeds germinate quickly (typically within 5-7 days). Soaking the seeds in water for a few hours before planting can speed up germination, especially in cooler weather.
• Light Requirements: Aim for at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. While arugula can tolerate partial shade, full sun will yield the best leaf production.

Timing Your Planting

Plant arugula in early spring or fall to avoid peak summer heat. In warmer climates, consider providing shade during hotter months to extend its growing season.

Watering Consistency

Arugula requires consistent watering to keep the soil evenly moist, especially during warmer weather. Aim for 1-2 inches of water per week. Mulching around the plants can help retain moisture. Be cautious not to overwater, as arugula is susceptible to root rot if waterlogged.

Succession Planting

To ensure a continuous harvest throughout the growing season, sow seeds every 2-3 weeks. This practice, known as succession planting, will provide a steady supply of fresh arugula leaves for months, especially important as arugula matures quickly and bolts easily.

Thinning Seedlings

After seedlings emerge, thin them to about 6 inches apart to prevent overcrowding. Proper spacing allows for better air circulation, reducing the risk of fungal diseases. Use the thinned seedlings in salads for an early harvest.

How to Grow Arugula: Fertilizing

Though arugula doesn’t require heavy feeding, you can give your plants a light boost with organic, nitrogen-rich fertilizers if the soil is poor. Compost or organic liquid fertilizers like fish emulsion are excellent choices, but be cautious of over-fertilizing, as this can lead to large, less flavorful leaves.

Harvesting at the Right Time

For the best flavor and texture, harvest arugula when the leaves are young (about 2-3 inches long). Older leaves can become tough and overly spicy. Use a sharp pair of scissors or pruners to cut the leaves, leaving the base of the plant to continue producing. You can use the “cut-and-come-again” method, harvesting leaves multiple times from the same plant.

Storage Tips

To maintain freshness, store harvested arugula in a damp paper towel inside a plastic bag in the refrigerator. This will help prolong its shelf life.

Common Pests

Arugula can attract pests like flea beetles and cabbage worms. Regularly inspect your plants for signs of infestation and treat them with organic pest control solutions, such as neem oil or insecticidal soap. Row covers can also protect young plants from pests while they establish themselves.

Common Diseases

Be aware of diseases like downy mildew or powdery mildew. Ensure good air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and remove any infected leaves promptly to prevent spread.

How to Grow Arugula: Preventing and Managing Bolting

If temperatures rise or the plants are under stress, arugula may bolt, producing flower stalks that reduce the quality of the leaves. To prevent bolting, provide shade during warmer days or grow arugula in cooler seasons. Although the leaves may become bitter after bolting, the flowers and seed pods are edible and can be used in salads.

Companion Planting

Arugula grows well alongside crops like lettuce, radishes, and peas. Companion planting with these vegetables can deter pests and improve soil quality. Avoid planting arugula near other Brassicas (like broccoli, cabbage, or cauliflower) to minimize pest sharing.

How to Grow Arugula: Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How much sunlight does arugula need to grow properly?
A: Arugula thrives with at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. While it can tolerate partial shade, full sun ensures the best leaf production.

Q: When is the best time to plant arugula?
A: Plant arugula in early spring or fall to avoid the peak summer heat. In warmer climates, providing shade during hotter months can extend the growing season.

Q: How can I prevent arugula from bolting?
A: To prevent bolting, grow arugula in cooler seasons, keep the soil consistently moist, and provide shade during warm weather. Bolting often occurs when plants are stressed or exposed to high temperatures.

Q: What are the common pests and how can I manage them?
A: Common pests include flea beetles and cabbage worms. Use row covers, organic pest controls like neem oil or insecticidal soap, and inspect plants regularly to prevent infestations.

Q: How often should I water arugula?
A: Arugula requires consistent watering to keep the soil evenly moist, especially during warmer weather. Aim for 1-2 inches of water per week, and use mulch to retain moisture and prevent overwatering.

Conclusion: How to Grow Arugula

With its quick growth and delightful flavour, arugula is an excellent choice for beginner gardeners. By following these tips and techniques, you can cultivate a thriving crop of arugula that will enhance your meals and garden. Start your journey today and enjoy the fresh, peppery taste of homegrown arugula!